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verb type |
AR |
ER |
IR |
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Verb inifinative |
hablar |
comer |
escribir |
example |
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stem |
habl |
com |
escrib |
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present
participle |
AR Verbs stem+ando example hablando |
ER & IR Verbs stem+iendo example comiendo |
yo estoy hablando |
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The present participle is normally used with the verb estar to mean the action is currently in the process of happening or was in the process of happening.
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past participle |
AR Verbs stem+ado example hablado |
ER & IR Verbs stem+ido example comido |
yo he hablado I have spoken |
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The past participle is normally used with the verb haber to mean the action has, will have, or had taken place. yo he hablado (8) to indicate that i was in the process of currently working would it be better to say I had been working when workers came to help us finish the job
to indicate that i had finished the task of working would it be better to say I had worked five hours when I was fired
would a better example
be
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presente de indicativo (1) |
AR Verbs
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ER Verbs
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IR Verbs
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yo hablo I speak |
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Imprefect Indicative imperfecto de indicativo (2) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo hablaba I was speaking |
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Preterit pretérito (3) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo hablé I spoke |
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Future futuro (4) |
AR, ER and IR Verbs
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hablaré I will speak |
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Conditional potencial simple (5) |
AR, ER and IR Verbs
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yo comería |
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Present Subjuntive presente de subjuntivo (6) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo hable That I may speak |
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Imperfect Subjunctive imperfecto de subjuntivo (7) |
The base for this tense is formed really different then the other tenses. To form it: 1) take the verb and form the 3rd person plural Preterit or Past tense. 2) drop the last three letters which are ron 3) this gives the base which is used for all the forms. 4) the last vowel in the base is always the vowel that will be accented in the verb. For all forms of the tense execpt the nosotros form this is the default accent position. For the nosotros format you must add an accent mark to the vowel. Thus in an ar verb a becomes á and in the er and ir verbs e becomes é. 5) Now add the ending to the base to create each of the verb formats. |
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AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo hablara That I might speak |
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Present Perfect Indicative perfecto de indicativo (8) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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he hablado |
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Past Perfect Indicative Pluperfect Indicative pluscuamperfecto de indicativo (9) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo había hablado I had spoken |
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Past Anterior Preterit Perfect pretérito anterior (10) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo hube hablado I had spoken |
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Future Perfect Future Anterior futuro perfecto (11) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo habré hablado I will have spoken |
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Conditional Perfect potencial compuesto (12) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo habría hablado I would have spoken |
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Present Perfect Past Subjunctive perfecto de subjuntivo (13) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo haya hablado That I may have spoken |
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Pluperfect Subjunctive Past Perfect Subjunctive pluscuamperfecto de subjuntivo (14) |
AR Verbs
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ER & IR Verbs
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yo hubiera hablado That I might have spoken |
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Command imperativo |
Rules for creating the nosotros, tú, vosotros, usted, and ustedes commands
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AR Verbs
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ER Verbs
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IR Verbs
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This information was stolen from these three books:
1) "spanish verb conjugations for language proficiency: a complete and systematic guide to the conjugation of 15,000 spanish verbs" Phoenix College Library number PC4271.T49 1996
2) "2000+ Essential Spanish Verbs" Phoenix Public Library number 468.2421 T93
3) "501 Spanish Verbs Fourth Edition" by Christopher Kendis, Ph.D. Phoenix College Library number PC3271.K38 1996
In Spanish,the most common endings for words are S, N, or vowels (a,e,i,o,u) and the natural stress for these is on the second to last syllable.
For words ending in a consonant besides N or S, the natural stress is on the last syllable.
When a word has the stress on a syllable that not follow the rules above we put an accent over the stressed vowel.
Words that break the first rule:
Words that break the second rule:
Some words have accent marks even though the pronunciation follows the natural stress rule. This is to differentiate between 2 words spelled the same with different meanings. Examples:
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Unaccented |
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Accented |
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mi |
my |
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mí |
me |
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tu |
your |
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tú |
you |
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el |
the |
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él |
he |
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demonstrative |
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demonstrative |
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este |
this |
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éste |
this one |
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ese |
that |
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ése |
that one |
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misc |
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aun |
even |
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aún |
still, yet |
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como |
as, like |
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cómo |
how |
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mas |
but |
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más |
more |
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si |
if |
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sí |
yes |
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solo |
alone |
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sólo |
only |
The question words such as que, donde, adonde, cuando, cual, cuanto have an accent when they are used for questions (either direct or indirect) or exclamations but no accent when they are used as relative pronouns.
Examples:
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¿Adónde vas? |
Where are you going? |
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¿Cuánto cuesta? |
How much does it cost? |
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¡Qué interesante! |
How interesting! |
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No sé cómo se llama. |
I don't know what his name is. (indirect question) |
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Cuando vengan, iremos al parque. |
When they come, we'll go to the park. |
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Digo que no es verdad. |
I say that it isn't true. |
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La mujer de quien hablas es la jefa. |
The woman you're talking about is the boss. |
The only exceptions to the above words are some words of foreign origin, generally words adopted from English, that retain their original spelling and pronunciation. For example, sandwich is usually spelled without an accent over the initial a, even though the stress is as in English. Similarly, personal names and place names of foreign origin usually are written without accents (unless accents are used in the originating language).
Capital Letters
Note also that some publications and signs do not use accent marks over capital letters, although it is normally best to use them when possible.
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Character Name |
Letter |
HTML Symbols in |
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Windows numeric |
Apple Macintosh |
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Inverted question mark |
¿ |
¿ |
¿ |
¿ |
ALT/CNTL/SHIFT/? |
ALT+0191 |
Shift+Option+? |
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Inverted exclamation |
¡ |
¡ |
¡ |
¡ |
ALT/CNTL/SHIFT/! |
ALT+0161 |
Option+1 |
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Left angle quote |
« |
« |
« |
« |
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ALT+0171 |
RIGHTALT+[ |
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Right angle quote |
» |
» |
» |
» |
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ALT+0187 |
RIGHTALT+] |
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Capital N, tilde |
Ñ |
Ñ |
Ñ |
Ñ |
CNTL/SHIFT/~ then SHIFT/N |
ALT+0209 |
Option+E then N |
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Small n, tilde |
ñ |
ñ |
ñ |
ñ |
CNTL/SHIFT/~ then n |
ALT+0241 |
Option+E then n |
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Capital A, acute accent |
Á |
Á |
Á |
Á |
CNTL/' then SHIFT/A |
ALT+0193 |
Option+E then A |
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Capital E, acute accent |
É |
É |
É |
É |
CNTL/' then SHIFT/E |
ALT+0201 |
Option+E then E |
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Capital I, acute accent |
Í |
Í |
Í |
Í |
CNTL/' then SHIFT/I |
ALT+0205 |
Option+E then I |
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Capital O, acute accent |
Ó |
Ó |
Ó |
Ó |
CNTL/' then SHIFT/O |
ALT+0211 |
Option+E then O |
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Capital U, acute accent |
Ú |
Ú |
Ú |
Ú |
CNTL/' then SHIFT/U |
ALT+0218 |
Option+E then U |
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Small a, acute accent |
á |
á |
á |
á |
CNTL/' then a |
ALT+0225 |
Option+E then a |
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Small e, acute accent |
é |
é |
é |
é |
CNTL/' then e |
ALT+0233 |
Option+E then e |
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Small i, acute accent |
í |
í |
í |
í |
CNTL/' then i |
ALT+0237 |
Option+E then i |
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Small o, acute accent |
ó |
ó |
ó |
ó |
CNTL/' then o |
ALT+0243 |
Option+E then o |
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Small u, acute accent |
ú |
ú |
ú |
ú |
CNTL/' then u |
ALT+0250 |
Option+E then u |
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Capital U, dieresis or
umlaut |
Ü |
Ü |
Ü |
Ü |
???? |
ALT+0220 |
"Option+E then U |
|
Small u, dieresis or umlaut |
ü |
ü |
ü |
ü |
???? |
ALT+0252 |
"Option+E then u |
note 2: You can also enter these characters in WORD using the LATIN-1 character set. Do this in WORD
1. Click on Insert
2. Click on Symbol
3. Select Symbols
4. Select LATIN-1 Character set
5. click on the character you want
6. click on insert
note 4: These characters « and » are used as quotes (") in Spanish to quote text.
note 5: I have only seen this character used a few times in these words:
paragüería - umbrella shop
paragüero - umbrella vendor
amorigüe - from the verb amortiguar - to muffle or deaden
amorigüé - from the verb amortiguar - to muffle or deaden